2A14  Aluminum forgings forged product parts
 
2A14 is a high strength forged Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy, which can be heat-strengthened. From the point of view of chemical composition and properties, it can belong to hard aluminium alloy and forged aluminium alloy. It differs from 2A50 forged aluminium alloy in that the copper content of the alloy is more than double that of 2A50 alloy. The strength of the alloy after solution treatment and artificial aging is higher than that of 2A50, but its corrosion resistance is general and worse than that of 2A50. There is a tendency of intergranular corrosion and stress corrosion under artificial aging. The plasticity of the alloy is moderate, and the plasticity is not as good as that of 2A50 under hot condition. It has extrusion effect, indicating that the longitudinal and transverse properties of the alloy are different. It has good weldability and is suitable for resistance spot welding and seam welding. Its machinability is good.
 
2A14 aluminium alloy is used to manufacture free forgings and die forgings under high loads, as well as large frames, bridges, large shells, truck components, etc. However, due to the difficulty of hot pressing, the application range of the alloy is limited.
 

2A14 Mechanical properties of die forgings and free forgings
	Temper	Direction	Tension strength Rm/MPa	Prescribed plastic elongation strength Rp0.2/MPa	Elongation A (%)
Free forgings	T4	Portrait	380	245	10
	T6	Portrait	410	－	8
Die forgings	T4	Portrait	380	245	11
	T6	Portrait	430	315	10

 

Tensile Properties of 2A14 Die Forging and Free Forging at Room Temperature
	Temper		Dimension/mm	Tension strength Rm/MPa	Prescribed plastic elongation strength  Rp0.2/MPa	Elongation A (%)
Die forgings	T6		≤50	450	385	6
			>50--76	450	380	6
			>76--100	435	380	6
Free forgings	T6	L	50--76	440	385	8
		L-T		440	380	3
		S-T		425	380	2
Room temperature hardness: Brinell hardness of 2A14 alloy in O state is 45 HBW, Bush hardness in T6 state is 135 HBW.

 
 

Tensile Properties of 2A14 Aluminum Alloy Forgings Stabilized at Room Temperature
Temper	Stabilization treatment		Tension strength Rm/MPa	Prescribed plastic elongation strength   Rp0.2/MPa	Elongation A (%)
	Temperature/℃	Holding time/h
T6	130	10	510	431	7
		100	520	422	8
		1000	520	431	8
T6	150	10	500	451	8
		100	495	456	7
		1000	490	441	8

 

Type	Alloy	Projected area（m2）Or weight（kg）	Temper	Standard
Free forgings	5 series	≤3000kg	O、F	GBn223     ASTMB247
	2、6、7 series	≤3000kg	T6、T4、O、F
Mould forgings	5 series	≤2.5m2	O、F
	2、6、7 series	≤2.5m2	T6、T4、O、F

2A16 alloy is a heat-treated Al-Cu-Mn heat-resistant aluminium alloy. It is also a cryogenic alloy and can be used at very cold temperatures. It has high endurance strength at 250 ~ 350 C, and can be used for a long time in this temperature range. Its room temperature strength is lower than that of 2A12 alloy. The alloy has good weldability. It can be welded by electric welding, rolling welding and argon arc welding. Friction stir welding has excellent performance. The natural failure rate of alloy after solution treatment is slow and the incubation period is long. It is one of the most deformed aluminium alloys used in spacecraft.
The chemical composition of 2A16 alloy is similar to that of 2219 alloy in the United States. 2219 alloy is mainly used in rocket and spacecraft to manufacture fuel tanks and combustion aids. Because of the development and maturity of automatic welding technology, especially friction stir welding, 2219 alloy was used instead. From the point of view of stress corrosion cracking properties, 2219 alloy is superior to 2014 alloy. The short transverse stress corrosion cracking stress of the latter is 53.9N/mm2. 2219 alloy, which is a good material for making rocket fuel tank. It is not only a heat-resistant alloy, but also its low temperature performance increases with the decrease of temperature.
 
2A16 alloy has high heat resistance and good weldability. It can be used to manufacture parts working at 250 - 350℃, such as discs, engine blades, etc.
 
2A16 alloy has high thermoplasticity and can roll plate, extrude profile, forge free forgings with complex shape and die forgings smoothly.
 

Chemical Composition of 2A16

Alloy

Si

Fe

Cu

Mn

Mg

Cr

Ni

Zn

Ti

Zr

Others

Al

Each

Total

2A16

0.30

0.30

6.0~7.0

0.4~0.8

0.05

－

－

0.10

0.10~0.20

0.20

0.05

0.15

Rest

2219

0.20

0.30

5.8~6.8

0.20~0.40

0.02

－

－

0.10

0.02~0.10

0.10~0.25

0.05

0.15

Rest

 

Alloy	Type	Temper	Portrait			Transverse			HBS	Standard
			σb/MPa	σp 0.2/MPa	δ/%	σb/MPa	σp 0.2/MPa	δ/%
2A16	Die forging	T6	375	255	8	375	255	8	100	GJB 2351
	Free forging		355	235	8	355	235	8	100
	Die forging	T6	375	255	8	375	255	8	100	HB 5204
	Free forging		355	235	8	355	235	8	100

 

Alloy	Temper	Available airplane type	Application parts and typical parts
2A16	Forgings： T6	MIG, B737-300，A320，Y8，ARJ21，JH7，J10	Rocket fuel tank, engine blade, airtight cockpit, hood, wing integral mailbox, fuselage internal structure, etc.

 
 

Type	Alloy	Projected area（m2）Or weight（kg）	Temper	Standard
Free forgings	5 series	≤3000kg	O、F	GBn223     ASTMB247
	2、6、7 series	≤3000kg	T6、T4、O、F
Mould forgings	5 series	≤2.5m2	O、F
	2、6、7 series	≤2.5m2	T6、T4、O、F

2A50 is a high strength forged Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy, which can be strengthened by heat treatment. In hot state, it has high plasticity and is easy to forge and stamp. After solution treatment and artificial aging, it has high strength and good process plasticity, but it has extrusion effect, and its longitudinal and transverse properties are different. The corrosion resistance of the alloy is good, but there is a tendency of intergranular corrosion. The resistance spot welding and seam welding have good weldability, while the arc welding and gas welding have poor performance. Its cutting performance is good.
 
Because of its good casting properties, 2A50 aluminum alloy is suitable for producing large cross-section ingots. It is used as the blank of large hot-forged parts, such as partition frame, bracket and rocker arm of aircraft. It is also used to manufacture medium and small forgings and die forgings with complex shape and medium strength.
 

Mechanical Properties of 2A50 Die Forgings and Free Forgings as stipulated in Technical Standards
	Temper	Direction	Tensile strength Rm/MPa	Prescribed plastic elongation strength Rp0.2/MPa	Elongation A (%)
Free forgings	T6	Portrait	365	－	9.0
	T6	Long transverse	345	－	6.0
Die forgings	T6	Portrait	380	275	11.0
	T6	Long transverse	365	245	7.0

 

Tensile Properties of 2A50 Aluminum Alloy Forgings Stabilized at Room Temperature
Temper	Stabilization treatment		Tension strength Rm/MPa	Elongation A (%)
	Temperature/℃	Holding time /h
T6	20	－	392	12
	200	0.5	275	15
		100	221	18
T6	250	0.5	177	16
		100	98	35
	300	0.5	103	23
		100	64	45

 


The time interval between solution quenching and aging strengthening of 2A50 aluminium alloy should be less than 6 h, the overburning temperature should be 545 ℃, and the forging temperature should be 470-370 ℃.
 

Type	Alloy	Projected area（m2）Or weight（kg）	Temper	Standard
Free forgings	5 series	≤3000kg	O、F	GBn223     ASTMB247
	2、6、7 series	≤3000kg	T6、T4、O、F
Mould forgings	5 series	≤2.5m2	O、F
	2、6、7 series	≤2.5m2	T6、T4、O、F

 

2A70 is a short heat-resistant Al-Cu-Mg-Fe-Ni alloy, which can be strengthened by heat treatment. The alloy has high heat resistance and service temperature of 200-250 ℃. The plasticity in hot state is high and there is no backlog effect. The corrosion resistance of the alloy is acceptable, but it has a profitable corrosion tendency. Its weldability is medium, suitable for resistance spot welding and seam welding, but the performance of arc welding and gas welding is poor. Its machinability is good.
 
 
2A70 aluminium alloy is used to manufacture piston of internal combustion engine and complex forgings working at 200-250℃, such as compressor impeller, blower impeller, etc. Plate can be used as structure parts at above temperature, and its use is more extensive than another kind of heat-resistant forging aluminium 2A80.
 

Mechanical properties of 2A70 aluminium alloy forgings specified in technical standards
	Temper	Direction	Tension strength Rm/MPa	Prescribed plastic elongation strength  Rp0.2/MPa	Elongation A (%)
Free forgings	T6	Portrait	375	－	5.0
	T6	Long transverse	375	－	5.0
Die forgings	T6	Portrait	380	275	5.0
	T6	Long transverse	380	275	5.0

 
 

Tensile Properties of 2A70 Aluminum Alloy Forgings Stabilized at Room Temperature
Temper	Stabilization treatment		Tension strength Rm/MPa	Elongation strength RP0.2/MPa	Elongation A (%)
	Temperature/℃	Holding time/h
Free forgings and Die forgings	125	100	431	333	10
		1000	431	333	8
		10000	431	333	8
	150	100	431	333	9
		1000	431	333	9
		10000	431	333	9
	175	100	421	353	8
		1000	402	353	8
		10000	397	353	7

 
2A70 aluminium alloy is prone to over-burning. The over-burning temperature is 545 ℃. Therefore, the heating temperature should be strictly controlled during forging and solution heat treatment. The Brinell hardness of the alloy is 130-139HBW under T6, 139HBW for small forgings and 130HBW for neutral forgings.
 
 
The forging performance of 2A70 aluminium alloy is good. It can be forged by hammer forging or by hydraulic press. The forging temperature of the alloy ranges from 450 to 350 ℃
 

Type	Alloy	Projected area（m2）Or weight（kg）	Temper	Standard
Free forgings	5 series	≤3000kg	O、F	GBn223     ASTMB247
	2、6、7 series	≤3000kg	T6、T4、O、F
Mould forgings	5 series	≤2.5m2	O、F
	2、6、7 series	≤2.5m2	T6、T4、O、F

 

2B50 is a high strength forged Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy, which can be strengthened by heat treatment. The chemical composition of the alloy is slightly different from that of chromium and titanium, and the content of other elements is the same as that of 2A59 aluminium alloy. The properties of the alloy are basically the same as that of 2A50, which can be used for each other. However, the plasticity of the alloy in hot state is better than that of 2A50.
 
 
2B50 is used to make complex and moderate strength free forgings and die forgings, such as compressor impeller, fan impeller, etc.
 

Mechanical Properties of 2B50 Die Forgings and Free Forgings as stipulated in Technical Standards
	Temper	Direction	Tension strength Rm/MPa	Prescribed plastic elongation strength Rp0.2/MPa	Elongation A (%)
Free forging	T6	Portrait	365	－	9.0
	T6	Long transverse	345	－	6.0
Die forging	T6	Portrait	380	275	11.0
	T6	Long transverse	365	245	7.0

 

Tensile Properties of 2B50 Aluminum Alloy Wheel Hubs at Room Temperature
Temper	Stabilization treatment		Tension strength Rm/MPa	Elongation A (%)
	Temperature/℃	Holding time /h
T6	Portrait	380-470	280--390	17.1
	Long transverse	380-465	275--380	15.3
	Short transverse	385-450	280--370	13.7

 
 

Torsional and shear properties of T6 forgings of 2B50 aluminium alloy
	Temper	Tension strength Rm/MPa	Prescribed plastic elongation strength  Rp0.2/MPa	Elongation A (%)
2B50 forgings	T6	335	195	255

 
2B50 aluminium alloy is easy to overburn, and the temperature of overburn is 545 ℃. During solution quenching, the process temperature must be strictly controlled. In addition, the transfer time should not exceed 15 s to avoid affecting the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the alloy. The process plasticity of the alloy in hot state is better than that of 2A50 aluminum alloy. The forging temperature range is 420-470 ℃.
 

Type	Alloy	Projected area（m2）Or weight（kg）	Temper	Standard
Free forgings	5 series	≤3000kg	O、F	GBn223     ASTMB247
	2、6、7 series	≤3000kg	T6、T4、O、F
Mould forgings	5 series	≤2.5m2	O、F
	2、6、7 series	≤2.5m2	T6、T4、O、F

 


2014 is a high strength forged Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy, which can be strengthened by heat treatment. The chemical composition of the alloy is similar to that of 2114 aluminium alloy. It has high strength, good hot working property and is easy to forge. The performances are basically the same as 2114. Because of the high copper content, the alloy has poor corrosion resistance, intergranular corrosion and stress corrosion tendency. It has good weldability and cutting performance.
 
 
2014 is used to manufacture wheel rings with high strength, high hardness and high load, such as wheel rings, truck frame and suspension assembly, fuel tank and structural parts of rocket booster, etc. It can also produce 2014 coated aluminium material to improve its corrosion resistance.
 

High Temperature Tensile Properties of 2014 Aluminum Alloy at Different Temperatures
Temper	Temperature/℃	Tension strength Rm/MPa	Prescribed plastic elongation strength Rp0.2/MPa	Elongation A (%)
T6	100	439	393	15
	150	276	241	20
	204	110	90	38
T6	260	66	52	52
	315	45	34	65
	370	30	24	72

In heat treatment of 2014 aluminium alloy, the suitable temperature of coolant for thin-walled parts with complex structure (wall thickness less than 30 cm) is 60-80 ℃. This process parameter can avoid deformation or warping of parts during quenching.
The alloy has good plasticity in hot state and can be used to manufacture short sword and die forgings with complex shapes. The formability is poor in cold condition, and the forging temperature usually ranges from 440 to 320 ℃

Type	Alloy	Projected area（m2）Or weight（kg）	Temper	Standard
Free forgings	5 series	≤3000kg	O、F	GBn223     ASTMB247
	2、6、7 series	≤3000kg	T6、T4、O、F
Mould forgings	5 series	≤2.5m2	O、F
	2、6、7 series	≤2.5m2	T6、T4、O、F

 

2214 is a high strength forged Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy, which can be strengthened by heat treatment. The chemical composition of the alloy is the same as that of 2014 aluminium alloy except for iron content. As the content of iron impurities is lower than that in 2014, the plasticity is improved. The alloy has high strength and good hot working properties, and the properties are basically the same as those in 2014. Because of the high copper content, the alloy has poor corrosion resistance, intergranular corrosion and stress corrosion tendency. It has good weldability and machinability.
 
 
2214 aluminium alloy is used to manufacture complex free forgings and die forgings. Because of the tendency of intergranular corrosion and stress corrosion, it is not suitable to manufacture thin section parts.
 
 

Mechanical Properties of 2214 Aluminum Alloy Die Forgings and Free Forgings as stipulated in Technical Standards for Aluminum Alloys
Temper	Specs/mm	Direction	Tension strength Rm/MPa	Prescribed plastic elongation strength Rp0.2/MPa	Elongation A (%)
T6	≤100	Portrait	460	390	8
		Long transverse	460	390	5
		Short transverse	420	390	4

 

Room Temperature Mechanical Properties of 2214 Aluminum Alloy Die Forging and Free Forging
Type	Temper	Specs/mm	Direction	Tension strength Rm/MPa	Prescribed plastic elongation strength Rp0.2/MPa	Elongation A (%)
Die forgings	T6	≤50	Portrait	450	385	6
		>50--76	Long transverse	450	380	6
		>76--100	Short transverse	435	380	6
Free forgings	T6	50--76	Portrait	440	385	8
			Long transverse	440	380	3
			Short transverse	425	380	2

 
2214 aluminium alloy has good plasticity in hot state, which can make forgings and die forgings with complex shape and structure, but its technological plasticity is not as good as 2A50 alloy.
 
 
The allowable deformation rate in press is less than 80%, the allowable deformation rate in blank forging is less than 60%, and the allowable deformation rate in ingot press processing is less than 50%.
 

Type	Alloy	Projected area（m2）Or weight（kg）	Temper	Standard
Free forgings	5 series	≤3000kg	O、F	GBn223     ASTMB247
	2、6、7 series	≤3000kg	T6、T4、O、F
Mould forgings	5 series	≤2.5m2	O、F
	2、6、7 series	≤2.5m2	T6、T4、O、F

 

2218 is suitable for forging piston of aircraft engine and diesel engine, cylinder head of aircraft engine, impeller of jet engine and compressor ring.
2618 is a kind of heat-resistant and deformed aluminium alloy which can be strengthened by heat treatment. Its working temperature can be up to 250 ℃. It is used to manufacture long-term working supersonic aircraft structural parts, such as fuselage and wing skin frame, tail wing, parts and components of low-speed aircraft whose working temperature is not higher than 150 ℃, and parts of jet engine whose working temperature is not higher than 250 ℃.

2618A is an Al-Cu-Mg-Fe-Ni series heat-resistant forging aluminium alloy, which can be strengthened by heat treatment. The chemical composition of the alloy is similar to that of 2A70 alloy, and its properties are similar to that of 2A70 alloy. It has high heat resistance and good cold and hot working performance. The corrosion resistance of the alloy is obviously improved after solution treatment and artificial aging, but there is a tendency of intergranular corrosion. Its weldability is medium and its machinability is good.
 
2618A aluminium alloy is used to manufacture piston of internal combustion engine and complex forgings working at 200-250 ℃, such as compressor impeller, blower impeller, tire mould, high temperature working parts of aircraft engine, etc.
 
The Brinell hardness of 2618A alloy forgings is 115HBW under T61 condition.

Chemical Composition of 2218 2618 2618A

Alloy

Si

Fe

Cu

Mn

Mg

Cr

Ni

Zn

Ti

Zr

Others

Al

Each

Total

2218

0.9

1.0

3.5~4.5

0.2

0.2~1.8

0.1

1.7~2.3

0.25

~

~

0.05

0.15

Rest

2618A

0.15~0.25

0.9~1.4

1.8~2.7

0.25

1.2~1.8

~

0.8~1.4

0.15

0.20

~

0.05

0.15

Rest

2618

0.10~0.25

0.9~1.4

1.8~2.7

0.25

1.2~1.8

~

0.8~1.4

0.15

0.2

~

0.05

0.15

Rest